{"id":4598,"date":"2015-12-22T16:27:37","date_gmt":"2015-12-22T14:27:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/?page_id=4598"},"modified":"2017-10-26T15:22:14","modified_gmt":"2017-10-26T13:22:14","slug":"geoinformatika-2015-456-17-28","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/geoinformatika-2015-456-17-28\/","title":{"rendered":"Geoinformatika 2015; 4(56) : 17-28"},"content":{"rendered":"

Geoinformatika 2015; 4(56) : 17-28 (in Ukrainian)<\/span><\/p>\n

GEOTHERMAL CONDITIONS AND CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE NORTHWESTERN CARPATHIANS<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/h4>\n
R.I. Kutas <\/span><\/em><\/h5>\n

Institute of Geophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 32 Palladin Ave., Kyiv 03680, Ukraine,
\ne-mail: kutasroman@gmail.com<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Purpose.<\/span><\/strong> The main objective of this study is to analyze the features of the crustal structure and its thermal state along two transects crossing the northern part of the Carpathian and Pannonian region, using new seismic data and the results of the heat flow measurements in the vicinity of profiles (corrected for relief, paleoclimate and thrust effects). This region was investigated by a dense system of deep seismic sounding profiles (experiment CELEBRATION 2000), extended from the Pannonian Basin to the European Paleozoic Platform in the north and to the East European Craton in the northeast or east. The resulting seismic models reveal complex structure in the crust and large variations in the depth of Moho discontinuity (25\u201348 km). The heat flow density changes from 35 to 130 mW\/m2<\/sup><\/em><\/span>.\u00a0 This paper focuses on the southern and central parts of the CEL 05 (in Poland) and PANCAKE (in Ukraine) profiles crossing the Carpathian and Pannonian regions.
\n<\/span>Findings.<\/span><\/strong> The CEL 05 profile starts in the Pannonian basin and crosses the Inner Carpathians, Pieniny Klippen Belt, Outer Western Carpathians, Trans-European Suture Zone, including Malopolska and Lysogory tectonic units, and the slope of the East European Craton with the Lublin Trough. The thickness of crystalline crust increases along profile from the Pannonian basin (23\u201330 km) to the Outer Western Carpathians (30\u201335 km), Trans-European Suture Zone and East European Craton (42\u201350 km). The crystalline crust is two-layered beneath the Pannonian basin and Outer Western Carpathians (V<\/i><\/span>p<\/span><\/i>\u00a0= 5,9\u20136,2 km\/s and 6,5\u20136,8 km\/s, respectively), while beneath the Trans-European Suture Zone and East European Craton margin the crust is three-layered (6,0\u20136,4, 6,4\u20136,7 and 6,7\u20137,0 km\/s, respectively), which that is typical for cratonic areas. Subcrustal velocities increase from 7,8\u20138,0 km\/s in the PB to 8,1\u20138,25 in the East European Craton. The PANCAKE profile crosses the Pannonian Basin, Transcarpathian Trough, Outer East Carpathians, Carpathian Foredeep and East European Craton (L\u2019viv Paleozoic Trough). There are no substantial differences in the crustal structure as compared to CEL 05 profile, but three-layered crystalline crust (42\u201348 km in thickness) in the PANCAKE profile is observed beneath the Carpathian Foredeep and Outer East Carpathians, and a two-layered crust (25\u201330 km) remains beneath the Pannonian Basin and Transcarpathian Trough. The prominent crustal tectonic feature of both profiles is a zone (beneath the Outer East Carpathians and Carpathian Foredeep) with thick sediments with the velocity of V<\/i><\/span>p<\/span><\/i>\u00a0< 5 km\/s reaching down to the depth of 18\u201320 km. Its uppermost part forms the Outer East Carpathians accretionary prism (up to 8 km in thickness).
\n<\/span>Practical value\/implications.<\/span><\/strong> The geological and geophysical analysis and mathematical modeling of the thermal field suggest that the basic patterns in the distribution of heat flows are controlled by the regional tectonic zonation, features of the geological development of the region and its crustal structure. High heat flow is provided by high mantle heat flow (35\u201350 mW\/m2<\/sup><\/em><\/span>). Low heat flow values are typical for the Precambrian and Early Paleozoic areas with a thick crust (40\u201350 km). The most part of the Carpathian Foredeep and Outer Carpathians is also characterised by relatively low heat flow density, which may suggest presence of the Precambrian or Early Paleozoic basement beneath the accretionary prism of the Outer Carpathians. An intermediate heat flow density (50\u201370 mW\/m2<\/sup><\/em><\/span>) is associated with late Paleozoic \u2013 early Mesozoic structures (southwestern slope of the Outer East Carpathians and Inner Carpathians). High heat flow in the Pannonian basin is associated with peculiarities of the crust formation at the Alpine stage of evolution, as well as with magmatic activity. The increased heat flow was caused by crust extension and the asthenosphere upraise 25\u201330 Ma ago. The surface heat flow variations (5\u201310 mW\/m2<\/sup><\/em><\/span>) in the Folded Carpathians can be caused by lateral changes of radiogenic heat production or thermal conductivity in the sedimentary layer. <\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/span><\/strong> Carpathians, crustal structure, heat flow, geothermal model.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0The full text of papers<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

References:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Kolodiy V.V. Karpatska naftova provintsiya<\/i> [Carpathian petroliferous province]. L\u2019viv; Kyiv: Ukrayinsryy Vydavnychyy tsentr<\/i>, 2004, 388 p.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Krupskyy Yu. Z. Heodynamichni umovy formuvannya i naftohazonosnist\u2019 Karpatskoho ta Volyno-Podilskoho rehioniv Ukrayiny <\/i>[Geodynamic conditions of forming and gas-bearing of the Carpathian and Volyn\u2019-Podolian regions Ukraine]. Kyiv, Ukrainian state scientific Research Institute<\/i>, 2001, 144 p.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Kutas R. I. Thermal field and geothermal regime of the lithosphere. Lithosphere Central and Eastern Europe. Summary of the Studies. Editors-in-Chief A. V. Chekunov. Kyiv, Naukova dumka<\/i>, 1993, \u0440\u0440. 115-132.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Kutas R.I., Korchagin I.M., Tsvyaschenko A.V., Zubal\u2019 S. Tekhnolohiya modelyuvannya teplovoho polya v skladnykh odnoridnykh ta neodnoridnykh seredovyshchakh: prohramne zabezpechennya, metodychni pryntsypy, praktychni rezultaty <\/i>[Modelling technology of thermal field in homogeneous and non-homogeneous environment programs, methodical principles, practical results]. Geoinformatika<\/i> (Ukraina), 2003,\u00a0 no. 2, pp. 35-45.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Kutas R.I. Heotermichna model zemnoyi kory cherez Skhidni Karpaty vzdovzh seismichnoho profiliu Dobre-3 (PANCAKE) <\/i>[Geothermal model of the earth\u2019s crust across the Eastern Carpathians along the seismic profile Dobre-3 (PANCAKE)]. Geodynamika<\/i> (Ukraina), 2013, no. 2(15), pp. 192-194.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Hurskyy D.S., Kruhlov S.S. Tektonichna karta Ukrayiny m-b 1<\/i><\/span><\/i>:<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/i>1<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/i>000<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/i>000<\/span><\/i> [Tectonic map of the Ukraine 1<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>1<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>000<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>000, 2007]. Kyiv, Ukrainian state scientific Research Institute<\/i>, 2007. <\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Cermak V., Haenel R., Zui V. Geothermal Atlas of Europe. Ed. by E. Hurtig (Editor-in-Chief). Gotha, Hermann Haak Verlagsgesellschaft. Geographisch-Kartographische Anstal Germany<\/i>, 1992, 156 p.<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. Golonka J. Plate tectonic evolution of the southern margin of Eurasia in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Tectonophysics<\/i>, 2011, vol. 381, pp. 235-273.<\/span><\/li>\n
  9. Grad \u041c., Guterch A., Keller G.R. Lithosphere structure beneath trans-Carpathian transect from Precambrian platform to Pannonian basin: CELEBRATION 2000 seismic profile Cel 05. Journal of Geophysical Research<\/i>, 2006, vol. 111, pp. 1-23. <\/span><\/li>\n
  10. Janik T., Crad M., Guterch A., Vozar J., Bielik M., Vozarova A., Heged<\/span>\u044c<\/span>s E., Kovacs C. A., Kovacs I. Crustal structure of the Western Carpathians and Pannonian Basin: Seismic models from CELEBRATION 2000 data and geological implications. Journal Geodynamics<\/i>, 2011, vol. 52, pp. 97-113.<\/span><\/li>\n
  11. Karnkowski P. Newe mozliwosci poszukiwan zloz ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego. Nafta-Gaz<\/i>, 1992, no. 5-6, pp. 82-92. <\/span><\/li>\n
  12. Konen<\/span>\u044d<\/span> V., Kov<\/span>\u0430<\/span> M., Lexa J., Sefara J. Neogene evolution of the Carpatho-Pannonian region: an interplay of subduction and back-arc diapiric uprise in the mantle. European Geoscience Union Stephan Mueller, Special Publication, Series 1<\/i>, 2002, pp.<\/span>165-194.<\/span><\/li>\n
  13. Kutas R., Tsvyashchenko V., Majcin D. Modelling of the thermal field of the inhomogeneous lithosphere\u0435 \/\/ Romanian Geophysics<\/i>, 2000, vol. 7, suppl. 1, pp. 348-351. <\/span><\/li>\n
  14. Lenkey L., D<\/span>\u0446<\/span>venyi P., Horv<\/span>\u0430<\/span>th E., Cloeting S. A. P. L. Geothermics of Pannonian basin and its bearing on the neotectonics. European Geoscience Union\u00a0 Stephan Mueller, Special Publication, Series 3<\/i>, 2002,\u00a0 pp. 29-40.<\/span><\/li>\n
  15. Majcin D., Kutas R.I., Bil<\/span>\u043d<\/span>k D., Bez<\/span>\u0431<\/span>k V. Thermal conditions for geothermal energy in transcarpathian depression. In 7<\/span>th<\/span>congress of the Balkan Geophysical Society, European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers<\/i>, Tirana, 7-13 October, 2013, 5<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>p. <\/span><\/li>\n
  16. Majcin D., Bil<\/span>\u043d<\/span>k D., Kutas R., Hlavov<\/span>\u0431<\/span> P., Bez<\/span>\u0431<\/span>k V., Kuchari L. Regional and local phenomena influencing the thermal state in the Flysch belt of the NE part of Slovakia. Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy<\/i>, 2014, vol. 44\/4, pp. 271-292.<\/span><\/li>\n
  17. Majorowicz J.A., Cermak V., Safond J., Krzywiec P., Wroblewska M., Guterch A., Grad M. Heat flow models across the Trans-European Suture Zone in the area of the Polonaise\u201997 seismic experiment. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth<\/i>, 2003, vol.<\/span>28, pp. 375-391.<\/span><\/li>\n
  18. Royden L. Late Canozoic tectonics of the Pannonian Basin system. The Pannonian Basin: A study in Basin evolution [Eds L.H. Royden and F. Horvath]. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 45<\/i>, 1988, 375 p. <\/span><\/li>\n
  19. roda P., Gzuba W., Grad M., Guterch A., Tokarshi A.K., Janik T., Rauch M., Keller G.R., Hegeds E., Vazar J. Crustal and upper mantle structure of the Western Carpatians from CELEBRATION 2000 profiles CEL 01 and CEL 04: seismic models and geological implications and CELEBRATION 2000 Working Group. Geophysical Journal International<\/i>, 2006, vol.<\/span>167, pp. 737-760.<\/span><\/li>\n
  20. Starostenko V.I., Janik T., Kolomiyets K., Czuba W., roda P., Grad M., Kov<\/span>\u0431<\/span>cs I., Stephenson R., Lysynchuk D., Thybo H., Artemieva I. M., Omelchenko V., Gintov O., Kutas R., Gryn D., Guterch A., Hegeds E., Komminaho K., Legostaeva O., Tiira T., Tolkunov A. Seismic velocity model of the crust and upper mantle along profile PANCAKE across the Carpathians between the Pannonian Basin and the East European Craton. Tectonophysics<\/i>, 2013, vol. 608, pp.1049-1072.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Geoinformatika 2015; 4(56) : 17-28 (in Ukrainian) GEOTHERMAL CONDITIONS AND CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE NORTHWESTERN CARPATHIANS R.I. Kutas Institute of Geophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 32 Palladin Ave., Kyiv 03680, Ukraine, e-mail: kutasroman@gmail.com Purpose. The main objective of this study is to analyze the features of the crustal structure and its thermal state along two transects crossing the northern part of the Carpathian and Pannonian region, using new seismic data and the results of the heat flow measurements in the vicinity of profiles (corrected for relief, paleoclimate and thrust effects). This region was investigated by a dense system of deep seismic sounding profiles (experiment CELEBRATION 2000), extended from the Pannonian Basin to the European Paleozoic Platform in the north and to the East European Craton in the northeast or east. The resulting seismic models reveal complex structure in the crust and large variations in the depth of Moho discontinuity (25\u201348 km). The heat flow density changes from 35 to 130 mW\/m2.\u00a0 This paper focuses on the southern and central parts of the CEL 05 (in Poland) and PANCAKE (in Ukraine) profiles crossing the Carpathian and Pannonian regions. Findings. The CEL 05 profile starts in the Pannonian basin and crosses the Inner Carpathians, Pieniny Klippen Belt, Outer Western Carpathians, Trans-European Suture Zone, including Malopolska and Lysogory tectonic units, and the slope of the East European Craton with the Lublin Trough. The thickness of crystalline crust increases along profile from the Pannonian basin (23\u201330 km) to the Outer Western Carpathians (30\u201335 km), Trans-European Suture Zone and East European Craton (42\u201350 km). The crystalline crust is two-layered beneath the Pannonian basin and Outer Western Carpathians (Vp\u00a0= 5,9\u20136,2 km\/s and 6,5\u20136,8 km\/s, respectively), while beneath the Trans-European Suture Zone and East European Craton margin the crust is three-layered (6,0\u20136,4, 6,4\u20136,7 and 6,7\u20137,0 km\/s, respectively), which that is typical for cratonic areas. Subcrustal velocities increase from 7,8\u20138,0 km\/s in the PB to 8,1\u20138,25 in the East European Craton. The PANCAKE profile crosses the Pannonian Basin, Transcarpathian Trough, Outer East Carpathians, Carpathian Foredeep and East European Craton (L\u2019viv Paleozoic Trough). There are no substantial differences in the crustal structure as compared to CEL 05 profile, but three-layered crystalline crust (42\u201348 km in thickness) in the PANCAKE profile is observed beneath the Carpathian Foredeep and Outer East Carpathians, and a two-layered crust (25\u201330 km) remains beneath the Pannonian Basin and Transcarpathian Trough. The prominent crustal tectonic feature of both profiles is a zone (beneath the Outer East Carpathians and Carpathian Foredeep) with thick sediments with the velocity of Vp\u00a0< 5 km\/s reaching down to the depth of 18\u201320 km. Its uppermost part forms the Outer East Carpathians accretionary prism (up to 8 km in thickness). Practical value\/implications. The geological and geophysical analysis and mathematical modeling of the thermal field suggest that the basic patterns in the distribution of heat flows are controlled by the regional tectonic zonation, features of the geological development of the region and its crustal structure. High heat flow is provided by high mantle heat flow (35\u201350 mW\/m2). Low heat flow values are typical for the Precambrian and Early Paleozoic areas with a thick crust (40\u201350 km). The most part of the Carpathian Foredeep and Outer Carpathians is also characterised by relatively low heat flow density, which may suggest presence of the Precambrian or Early Paleozoic basement beneath the accretionary prism of the Outer Carpathians. An intermediate heat flow density (50\u201370 mW\/m2) is associated with late Paleozoic \u2013 early Mesozoic structures (southwestern slope of the Outer East Carpathians and Inner Carpathians). High heat flow in the Pannonian basin is associated with peculiarities of the crust formation at the Alpine stage of evolution, as well as with magmatic activity. The increased heat flow was caused by crust extension and the asthenosphere upraise 25\u201330 Ma ago. The surface heat flow variations (5\u201310 mW\/m2) in the Folded Carpathians can be caused by lateral changes of radiogenic heat production or thermal conductivity in the sedimentary layer. Keywords: Carpathians, crustal structure, heat flow, geothermal model. \u00a0The full text of papers\u00a0 References: Kolodiy V.V. Karpatska naftova provintsiya [Carpathian petroliferous province]. L\u2019viv; Kyiv: Ukrayinsryy Vydavnychyy tsentr, 2004, 388 p. Krupskyy Yu. Z. Heodynamichni umovy formuvannya i naftohazonosnist\u2019 Karpatskoho ta Volyno-Podilskoho rehioniv Ukrayiny [Geodynamic conditions of forming and gas-bearing of the Carpathian and Volyn\u2019-Podolian regions Ukraine]. Kyiv, Ukrainian state scientific Research Institute, 2001, 144 p. Kutas R. I. Thermal field and geothermal regime of the lithosphere. Lithosphere Central and Eastern Europe. Summary of the Studies. Editors-in-Chief A. V. Chekunov. Kyiv, Naukova dumka, 1993, \u0440\u0440. 115-132. Kutas R.I., Korchagin I.M., Tsvyaschenko A.V., Zubal\u2019 S. Tekhnolohiya modelyuvannya teplovoho polya v skladnykh odnoridnykh ta neodnoridnykh seredovyshchakh: prohramne zabezpechennya, metodychni pryntsypy, praktychni rezultaty [Modelling technology of thermal field in homogeneous and non-homogeneous environment programs, methodical principles, practical results]. Geoinformatika (Ukraina), 2003,\u00a0 no. 2, pp. 35-45. Kutas R.I. Heotermichna model zemnoyi kory cherez Skhidni Karpaty vzdovzh seismichnoho profiliu Dobre-3 (PANCAKE) [Geothermal model of the earth\u2019s crust across the Eastern Carpathians along the seismic profile Dobre-3 (PANCAKE)]. Geodynamika (Ukraina), 2013, no. 2(15), pp. 192-194. Hurskyy D.S., Kruhlov S.S. Tektonichna karta Ukrayiny m-b 1:\u00a01\u00a0000\u00a0000 [Tectonic map of the Ukraine 1\u00a0:\u00a01\u00a0000\u00a0000, 2007]. Kyiv, Ukrainian state scientific Research Institute, 2007. Cermak V., Haenel R., Zui V. Geothermal Atlas of Europe. Ed. by E. Hurtig (Editor-in-Chief). Gotha, Hermann Haak Verlagsgesellschaft. Geographisch-Kartographische Anstal Germany, 1992, 156 p. Golonka J. Plate tectonic evolution of the southern margin of Eurasia in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Tectonophysics, 2011, vol. 381, pp. 235-273. Grad \u041c., Guterch A., Keller G.R. Lithosphere structure beneath trans-Carpathian transect from Precambrian platform to Pannonian basin: CELEBRATION 2000 seismic profile Cel 05. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2006, vol. 111, pp. 1-23. Janik T., Crad M., Guterch A., Vozar J., Bielik M., Vozarova A., Heged\u044cs E., Kovacs C. A., Kovacs I. Crustal structure of the Western Carpathians and Pannonian Basin: Seismic models from CELEBRATION 2000 data and geological implications. Journal Geodynamics, 2011, vol. 52, pp. 97-113. Karnkowski P. Newe mozliwosci poszukiwan zloz ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego. Nafta-Gaz, 1992, no. 5-6, pp. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4598","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nGeoinformatika 2015; 4(56) : 17-28 - \u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u00ab\u0413\u0435\u043e\u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/geoinformatika-2015-456-17-28\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Geoinformatika 2015; 4(56) : 17-28 - \u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u00ab\u0413\u0435\u043e\u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Geoinformatika 2015; 4(56) : 17-28 (in Ukrainian) GEOTHERMAL CONDITIONS AND CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE NORTHWESTERN CARPATHIANS R.I. Kutas Institute of Geophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 32 Palladin Ave., Kyiv 03680, Ukraine, e-mail: kutasroman@gmail.com Purpose. The main objective of this study is to analyze the features of the crustal structure and its thermal state along two transects crossing the northern part of the Carpathian and Pannonian region, using new seismic data and the results of the heat flow measurements in the vicinity of profiles (corrected for relief, paleoclimate and thrust effects). This region was investigated by a dense system of deep seismic sounding profiles (experiment CELEBRATION 2000), extended from the Pannonian Basin to the European Paleozoic Platform in the north and to the East European Craton in the northeast or east. The resulting seismic models reveal complex structure in the crust and large variations in the depth of Moho discontinuity (25\u201348 km). The heat flow density changes from 35 to 130 mW\/m2.\u00a0 This paper focuses on the southern and central parts of the CEL 05 (in Poland) and PANCAKE (in Ukraine) profiles crossing the Carpathian and Pannonian regions. Findings. The CEL 05 profile starts in the Pannonian basin and crosses the Inner Carpathians, Pieniny Klippen Belt, Outer Western Carpathians, Trans-European Suture Zone, including Malopolska and Lysogory tectonic units, and the slope of the East European Craton with the Lublin Trough. The thickness of crystalline crust increases along profile from the Pannonian basin (23\u201330 km) to the Outer Western Carpathians (30\u201335 km), Trans-European Suture Zone and East European Craton (42\u201350 km). The crystalline crust is two-layered beneath the Pannonian basin and Outer Western Carpathians (Vp\u00a0= 5,9\u20136,2 km\/s and 6,5\u20136,8 km\/s, respectively), while beneath the Trans-European Suture Zone and East European Craton margin the crust is three-layered (6,0\u20136,4, 6,4\u20136,7 and 6,7\u20137,0 km\/s, respectively), which that is typical for cratonic areas. Subcrustal velocities increase from 7,8\u20138,0 km\/s in the PB to 8,1\u20138,25 in the East European Craton. The PANCAKE profile crosses the Pannonian Basin, Transcarpathian Trough, Outer East Carpathians, Carpathian Foredeep and East European Craton (L\u2019viv Paleozoic Trough). There are no substantial differences in the crustal structure as compared to CEL 05 profile, but three-layered crystalline crust (42\u201348 km in thickness) in the PANCAKE profile is observed beneath the Carpathian Foredeep and Outer East Carpathians, and a two-layered crust (25\u201330 km) remains beneath the Pannonian Basin and Transcarpathian Trough. The prominent crustal tectonic feature of both profiles is a zone (beneath the Outer East Carpathians and Carpathian Foredeep) with thick sediments with the velocity of Vp\u00a0< 5 km\/s reaching down to the depth of 18\u201320 km. Its uppermost part forms the Outer East Carpathians accretionary prism (up to 8 km in thickness). Practical value\/implications. The geological and geophysical analysis and mathematical modeling of the thermal field suggest that the basic patterns in the distribution of heat flows are controlled by the regional tectonic zonation, features of the geological development of the region and its crustal structure. High heat flow is provided by high mantle heat flow (35\u201350 mW\/m2). Low heat flow values are typical for the Precambrian and Early Paleozoic areas with a thick crust (40\u201350 km). The most part of the Carpathian Foredeep and Outer Carpathians is also characterised by relatively low heat flow density, which may suggest presence of the Precambrian or Early Paleozoic basement beneath the accretionary prism of the Outer Carpathians. An intermediate heat flow density (50\u201370 mW\/m2) is associated with late Paleozoic \u2013 early Mesozoic structures (southwestern slope of the Outer East Carpathians and Inner Carpathians). High heat flow in the Pannonian basin is associated with peculiarities of the crust formation at the Alpine stage of evolution, as well as with magmatic activity. The increased heat flow was caused by crust extension and the asthenosphere upraise 25\u201330 Ma ago. The surface heat flow variations (5\u201310 mW\/m2) in the Folded Carpathians can be caused by lateral changes of radiogenic heat production or thermal conductivity in the sedimentary layer. Keywords: Carpathians, crustal structure, heat flow, geothermal model. \u00a0The full text of papers\u00a0 References: Kolodiy V.V. Karpatska naftova provintsiya [Carpathian petroliferous province]. L\u2019viv; Kyiv: Ukrayinsryy Vydavnychyy tsentr, 2004, 388 p. Krupskyy Yu. Z. Heodynamichni umovy formuvannya i naftohazonosnist\u2019 Karpatskoho ta Volyno-Podilskoho rehioniv Ukrayiny [Geodynamic conditions of forming and gas-bearing of the Carpathian and Volyn\u2019-Podolian regions Ukraine]. Kyiv, Ukrainian state scientific Research Institute, 2001, 144 p. Kutas R. I. Thermal field and geothermal regime of the lithosphere. Lithosphere Central and Eastern Europe. Summary of the Studies. Editors-in-Chief A. V. Chekunov. Kyiv, Naukova dumka, 1993, \u0440\u0440. 115-132. Kutas R.I., Korchagin I.M., Tsvyaschenko A.V., Zubal\u2019 S. Tekhnolohiya modelyuvannya teplovoho polya v skladnykh odnoridnykh ta neodnoridnykh seredovyshchakh: prohramne zabezpechennya, metodychni pryntsypy, praktychni rezultaty [Modelling technology of thermal field in homogeneous and non-homogeneous environment programs, methodical principles, practical results]. Geoinformatika (Ukraina), 2003,\u00a0 no. 2, pp. 35-45. Kutas R.I. Heotermichna model zemnoyi kory cherez Skhidni Karpaty vzdovzh seismichnoho profiliu Dobre-3 (PANCAKE) [Geothermal model of the earth\u2019s crust across the Eastern Carpathians along the seismic profile Dobre-3 (PANCAKE)]. Geodynamika (Ukraina), 2013, no. 2(15), pp. 192-194. Hurskyy D.S., Kruhlov S.S. Tektonichna karta Ukrayiny m-b 1:\u00a01\u00a0000\u00a0000 [Tectonic map of the Ukraine 1\u00a0:\u00a01\u00a0000\u00a0000, 2007]. Kyiv, Ukrainian state scientific Research Institute, 2007. Cermak V., Haenel R., Zui V. Geothermal Atlas of Europe. Ed. by E. Hurtig (Editor-in-Chief). Gotha, Hermann Haak Verlagsgesellschaft. Geographisch-Kartographische Anstal Germany, 1992, 156 p. Golonka J. Plate tectonic evolution of the southern margin of Eurasia in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Tectonophysics, 2011, vol. 381, pp. 235-273. Grad \u041c., Guterch A., Keller G.R. Lithosphere structure beneath trans-Carpathian transect from Precambrian platform to Pannonian basin: CELEBRATION 2000 seismic profile Cel 05. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2006, vol. 111, pp. 1-23. Janik T., Crad M., Guterch A., Vozar J., Bielik M., Vozarova A., Heged\u044cs E., Kovacs C. A., Kovacs I. Crustal structure of the Western Carpathians and Pannonian Basin: Seismic models from CELEBRATION 2000 data and geological implications. Journal Geodynamics, 2011, vol. 52, pp. 97-113. Karnkowski P. Newe mozliwosci poszukiwan zloz ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego. Nafta-Gaz, 1992, no. 5-6, pp. […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/geoinformatika-2015-456-17-28\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u00ab\u0413\u0435\u043e\u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-10-26T13:22:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.geology.com.ua\\\/en\\\/geoinformatika-2015-456-17-28\\\/\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.geology.com.ua\\\/en\\\/geoinformatika-2015-456-17-28\\\/\",\"name\":\"Geoinformatika 2015; 4(56) : 17-28 - \u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u00ab\u0413\u0435\u043e\u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.geology.com.ua\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2015-12-22T14:27:37+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-10-26T13:22:14+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.geology.com.ua\\\/en\\\/geoinformatika-2015-456-17-28\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[[\"http:\\\/\\\/www.geology.com.ua\\\/en\\\/geoinformatika-2015-456-17-28\\\/\"]]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.geology.com.ua\\\/en\\\/geoinformatika-2015-456-17-28\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.geology.com.ua\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Geoinformatika 2015; 4(56) : 17-28\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.geology.com.ua\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.geology.com.ua\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u00ab\u0413\u0435\u043e\u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb\",\"description\":\"\u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443 \u0432 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0437\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0417\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.geology.com.ua\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Geoinformatika 2015; 4(56) : 17-28 - \u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u00ab\u0413\u0435\u043e\u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/geoinformatika-2015-456-17-28\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Geoinformatika 2015; 4(56) : 17-28 - \u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u00ab\u0413\u0435\u043e\u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb","og_description":"Geoinformatika 2015; 4(56) : 17-28 (in Ukrainian) GEOTHERMAL CONDITIONS AND CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE NORTHWESTERN CARPATHIANS R.I. Kutas Institute of Geophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 32 Palladin Ave., Kyiv 03680, Ukraine, e-mail: kutasroman@gmail.com Purpose. The main objective of this study is to analyze the features of the crustal structure and its thermal state along two transects crossing the northern part of the Carpathian and Pannonian region, using new seismic data and the results of the heat flow measurements in the vicinity of profiles (corrected for relief, paleoclimate and thrust effects). This region was investigated by a dense system of deep seismic sounding profiles (experiment CELEBRATION 2000), extended from the Pannonian Basin to the European Paleozoic Platform in the north and to the East European Craton in the northeast or east. The resulting seismic models reveal complex structure in the crust and large variations in the depth of Moho discontinuity (25\u201348 km). The heat flow density changes from 35 to 130 mW\/m2.\u00a0 This paper focuses on the southern and central parts of the CEL 05 (in Poland) and PANCAKE (in Ukraine) profiles crossing the Carpathian and Pannonian regions. Findings. The CEL 05 profile starts in the Pannonian basin and crosses the Inner Carpathians, Pieniny Klippen Belt, Outer Western Carpathians, Trans-European Suture Zone, including Malopolska and Lysogory tectonic units, and the slope of the East European Craton with the Lublin Trough. The thickness of crystalline crust increases along profile from the Pannonian basin (23\u201330 km) to the Outer Western Carpathians (30\u201335 km), Trans-European Suture Zone and East European Craton (42\u201350 km). The crystalline crust is two-layered beneath the Pannonian basin and Outer Western Carpathians (Vp\u00a0= 5,9\u20136,2 km\/s and 6,5\u20136,8 km\/s, respectively), while beneath the Trans-European Suture Zone and East European Craton margin the crust is three-layered (6,0\u20136,4, 6,4\u20136,7 and 6,7\u20137,0 km\/s, respectively), which that is typical for cratonic areas. Subcrustal velocities increase from 7,8\u20138,0 km\/s in the PB to 8,1\u20138,25 in the East European Craton. The PANCAKE profile crosses the Pannonian Basin, Transcarpathian Trough, Outer East Carpathians, Carpathian Foredeep and East European Craton (L\u2019viv Paleozoic Trough). There are no substantial differences in the crustal structure as compared to CEL 05 profile, but three-layered crystalline crust (42\u201348 km in thickness) in the PANCAKE profile is observed beneath the Carpathian Foredeep and Outer East Carpathians, and a two-layered crust (25\u201330 km) remains beneath the Pannonian Basin and Transcarpathian Trough. The prominent crustal tectonic feature of both profiles is a zone (beneath the Outer East Carpathians and Carpathian Foredeep) with thick sediments with the velocity of Vp\u00a0< 5 km\/s reaching down to the depth of 18\u201320 km. Its uppermost part forms the Outer East Carpathians accretionary prism (up to 8 km in thickness). Practical value\/implications. The geological and geophysical analysis and mathematical modeling of the thermal field suggest that the basic patterns in the distribution of heat flows are controlled by the regional tectonic zonation, features of the geological development of the region and its crustal structure. High heat flow is provided by high mantle heat flow (35\u201350 mW\/m2). Low heat flow values are typical for the Precambrian and Early Paleozoic areas with a thick crust (40\u201350 km). The most part of the Carpathian Foredeep and Outer Carpathians is also characterised by relatively low heat flow density, which may suggest presence of the Precambrian or Early Paleozoic basement beneath the accretionary prism of the Outer Carpathians. An intermediate heat flow density (50\u201370 mW\/m2) is associated with late Paleozoic \u2013 early Mesozoic structures (southwestern slope of the Outer East Carpathians and Inner Carpathians). High heat flow in the Pannonian basin is associated with peculiarities of the crust formation at the Alpine stage of evolution, as well as with magmatic activity. The increased heat flow was caused by crust extension and the asthenosphere upraise 25\u201330 Ma ago. The surface heat flow variations (5\u201310 mW\/m2) in the Folded Carpathians can be caused by lateral changes of radiogenic heat production or thermal conductivity in the sedimentary layer. Keywords: Carpathians, crustal structure, heat flow, geothermal model. \u00a0The full text of papers\u00a0 References: Kolodiy V.V. Karpatska naftova provintsiya [Carpathian petroliferous province]. L\u2019viv; Kyiv: Ukrayinsryy Vydavnychyy tsentr, 2004, 388 p. Krupskyy Yu. Z. Heodynamichni umovy formuvannya i naftohazonosnist\u2019 Karpatskoho ta Volyno-Podilskoho rehioniv Ukrayiny [Geodynamic conditions of forming and gas-bearing of the Carpathian and Volyn\u2019-Podolian regions Ukraine]. Kyiv, Ukrainian state scientific Research Institute, 2001, 144 p. Kutas R. I. Thermal field and geothermal regime of the lithosphere. Lithosphere Central and Eastern Europe. Summary of the Studies. Editors-in-Chief A. V. Chekunov. Kyiv, Naukova dumka, 1993, \u0440\u0440. 115-132. Kutas R.I., Korchagin I.M., Tsvyaschenko A.V., Zubal\u2019 S. Tekhnolohiya modelyuvannya teplovoho polya v skladnykh odnoridnykh ta neodnoridnykh seredovyshchakh: prohramne zabezpechennya, metodychni pryntsypy, praktychni rezultaty [Modelling technology of thermal field in homogeneous and non-homogeneous environment programs, methodical principles, practical results]. Geoinformatika (Ukraina), 2003,\u00a0 no. 2, pp. 35-45. Kutas R.I. Heotermichna model zemnoyi kory cherez Skhidni Karpaty vzdovzh seismichnoho profiliu Dobre-3 (PANCAKE) [Geothermal model of the earth\u2019s crust across the Eastern Carpathians along the seismic profile Dobre-3 (PANCAKE)]. Geodynamika (Ukraina), 2013, no. 2(15), pp. 192-194. Hurskyy D.S., Kruhlov S.S. Tektonichna karta Ukrayiny m-b 1:\u00a01\u00a0000\u00a0000 [Tectonic map of the Ukraine 1\u00a0:\u00a01\u00a0000\u00a0000, 2007]. Kyiv, Ukrainian state scientific Research Institute, 2007. Cermak V., Haenel R., Zui V. Geothermal Atlas of Europe. Ed. by E. Hurtig (Editor-in-Chief). Gotha, Hermann Haak Verlagsgesellschaft. Geographisch-Kartographische Anstal Germany, 1992, 156 p. Golonka J. Plate tectonic evolution of the southern margin of Eurasia in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Tectonophysics, 2011, vol. 381, pp. 235-273. Grad \u041c., Guterch A., Keller G.R. Lithosphere structure beneath trans-Carpathian transect from Precambrian platform to Pannonian basin: CELEBRATION 2000 seismic profile Cel 05. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2006, vol. 111, pp. 1-23. Janik T., Crad M., Guterch A., Vozar J., Bielik M., Vozarova A., Heged\u044cs E., Kovacs C. A., Kovacs I. Crustal structure of the Western Carpathians and Pannonian Basin: Seismic models from CELEBRATION 2000 data and geological implications. Journal Geodynamics, 2011, vol. 52, pp. 97-113. Karnkowski P. Newe mozliwosci poszukiwan zloz ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego. Nafta-Gaz, 1992, no. 5-6, pp. […]","og_url":"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/geoinformatika-2015-456-17-28\/","og_site_name":"\u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u00ab\u0413\u0435\u043e\u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb","article_modified_time":"2017-10-26T13:22:14+00:00","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/geoinformatika-2015-456-17-28\/","url":"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/geoinformatika-2015-456-17-28\/","name":"Geoinformatika 2015; 4(56) : 17-28 - \u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u00ab\u0413\u0435\u043e\u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb","isPartOf":{"@id":"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/#website"},"datePublished":"2015-12-22T14:27:37+00:00","dateModified":"2017-10-26T13:22:14+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/geoinformatika-2015-456-17-28\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":[["http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/geoinformatika-2015-456-17-28\/"]]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/geoinformatika-2015-456-17-28\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Geoinformatika 2015; 4(56) : 17-28"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/#website","url":"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/","name":"\u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u00ab\u0413\u0435\u043e\u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb","description":"\u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443 \u0432 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0437\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0417\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4598","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4598"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4598\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6989,"href":"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4598\/revisions\/6989"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.geology.com.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4598"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}